确立重度肺爆震伤救治中体外膜肺氧合的地位

随着经济全球化和世界格局的极不稳定,局部范围内各类爆炸不断,肺爆震伤患者逐渐增多。重度肺爆震伤伤情复杂、临床救治难度大、并发症多,能否早期、有效地维持呼吸、循环功能稳定,是提高救治率、降低病死率的关键。而体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)已成为救治各种重症肺部疾病不可或缺的方法。笔者采用ECMO救治重度肺爆震伤动物模型的早期试验以及临床救治重度肺爆震伤患者均取得了满意的效果。因ECMO具有强大的心肺辅助支持功能,从而为重度肺爆震伤的救治提供一条新途径。     

超声联合微泡促进骨髓间充质干细胞迁移的实验研究简

目的 探讨体外超声联合微泡对骨髓间充质干细胞迁移的影响,为超声微泡促进干细胞迁移的体内研究提供依据.方法 体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,分为超声联合微泡组、单纯超声组、单纯微泡组及空白对照组.超声探头频率1 MHz,强度1 W/cm2,进行脉冲超声辐射,采用transwell小室培养法,观察超声联合微泡对骨髓间充质干细胞运动的影响.结果 空白对照组、单纯微泡组骨髓间充质干细胞的迁移能力较低,超声联合微泡组与单纯超声组细胞的迁移能力无显著差异（P〉0.05）,但两者比空白对照组、单纯微泡组迁移能力有显著差异（P〈0.01）.结论 超声及超声联合微泡作用能明显增强间充质干细胞的迁移能力.     

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis

Osteoclasts are responsible for bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) can inhibit experimental collagen-induced arthritis model. This study aims to determine whether ADSCs also suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Osteoclasts were induced from bone marrow-derived CD11b⁺ cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulation and assessed with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. For human cells, osteoclasts were produced from human CD14⁺ cells. ADSCs were generated and added to cultures with different ratios with CD11b⁺ cells. Transwell and antibody blockade experiments were performed to define the mechanism of action. NF-κB and RANKL expression were determined by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. About 2 × 10⁶ ADSCs or fibroblast cells were adoptively transferred to DBA1/J mice on day 14 after immunization with type II collagen/complete Freund's adjuvant (CII/CFA) while the onset and severity of the CIA were monitored. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells but not fibroblast cells completely suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro for human and mice. ADSCs injected after immunization and before of onset of CIA significantly suppressed disease development. Treatment with ADSCs dramatically decreased the levels of NF-κB p65/p50 in osteoclasts in vitro and P65/50 and RANKL expression by synovial tissues in vivo. We have demonstrated that ADSCs can inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclasts genesis via CD39 signals. Our findings also suggest that ADSCs can inhibit osteoclasts genesis without the involvement of regulatory T cells. ADSCs might represent a promising strategy for stem cell-based therapies for RA. Thus, manipulation of ADSCs may have therapeutic effects on RA and other bone erosion–related diseases.     

Validating an ontology-based algorithm to identify patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Electronic Health Records

BackgroundImproving healthcare for people with chronic conditions requires clinical information systems that support integrated care and information exchange, emphasizing a semantic approach to support multiple and disparate Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Using a literature review, the Australian National Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), SNOMED-CT-AU and input from health professionals, we developed a Diabetes Mellitus Ontology (DMO) to diagnose and manage patients with diabetes. This paper describes the manual validation of the DMO-based approach using real world EHR data from a general practice (n = 908 active patients) participating in the electronic Practice Based Research Network (ePBRN).MethodThe DMO-based algorithm to query, using Semantic Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL), the structured fields in the ePBRN data repository were iteratively tested and refined. The accuracy of the final DMO-based algorithm was validated with a manual audit of the general practice EHR. Contingency tables were prepared and Sensitivity and Specificity (accuracy) of the algorithm to diagnose T2DM measured, using the T2DM cases found by manual EHR audit as the gold standard. Accuracy was determined with three attributes – reason for visit (RFV), medication (Rx) and pathology (path) – singly and in combination.ResultsThe Sensitivity and Specificity of the algorithm were 100% and 99.88% with RFV; 96.55% and 98.97% with Rx; and 15.6% and 98.92% with Path. This suggests that Rx and Path data were not as complete or correct as the RFV for this general practice, which kept its RFV information complete and current for diabetes. However, the completeness is good enough for this purpose as confirmed by the very small relative deterioration of the accuracy (Sensitivity and Specificity of 97.67% and 99.18%) when calculated for the combination of RFV, Rx and Path. The manual EHR audit suggested that the accuracy of the algorithm was influenced by data quality such as incorrect data due to mistaken units of measurement and unavailable data due to non-documentation or documented in the wrong place or progress notes, problems with data extraction, encryption and data management errors.ConclusionThis DMO-based algorithm is sufficiently accurate to support a semantic approach, using the RFV, Rx and Path to define patients with T2DM from EHR data. However, the accuracy can be compromised by incomplete or incorrect data. The extent of compromise requires further study, using ontology-based and other approaches.     

早发冠心病患者子代胰岛素抵抗和心血管病危险因素聚集性研究

目的探讨早发冠心病患者子代胰岛素抵抗和心血管危险因素聚集性特点及其相关性。方法入选66例早发冠心病患者的子代76例(病例组),收集其临床资料、血糖、血脂和胰岛素测定结果、心血管危险因素,计算空腹胰岛素抵抗指数(Hom a IR),并与70例非冠心病患者的子代81例(对照组)进行对比研究。结果两组平均年龄、性别比例、患高血压及吸烟的比例、空腹血糖、胆固醇浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病例组空腹甘油三酯和胰岛素水平、血脂异常比例、体重指数以及Hom a IR均高于对照组[分别为(1.39±0.43)mmol/L比(1.22±0.36)mmol/L,P<0.01;(10.7±2.6)mU/L比(9.6±2.4)mU/L,P<0.05;31.6%vs 9.9%,P<0.01;(23.09±1.85)比(22.49±1.70),P<0.05;(2.5±0.7)比(2.2±0.6),P<0.01],高密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于对照组[(1.20±0.22)mmol/L比(1.32±0.23)mmol/L,P<0.01]。相关分析显示Hom a IR与体重指数、胰岛素、血糖和甘油三酯成正相关(分别r=0.174,P=0.029;r=0.877,P=0.000;r=0.368,P=0.000;r=0.157,P=0.049)。结论早发冠心病患者子代存在胰岛素抵抗,并且与心血管危险因素聚集性相关联。     

Embryonic stem cells-derived exosomes enhance retrodifferentiation of retinal Müller cells by delivering BDNF protein to activate Wnt pathway

ObjectiveThe present study was intended to investigate the role of embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes (ESC-Exos) in Müller cell retrodifferentiation and their specific mechanism.MethodsFollowing co-incubation of the extracted ESC-Exos and Müller cells, their effects on the retrodifferentiation and proliferation of Müller cells were measured by EdU staining, immunofluorescence, and western blot. ESCs transfected with small interfering RNA of BDNF were co-incubated with Müller cells to determine Müller cell proliferation and retrodifferentiation. β-catenin expression in the nucleus and GSK-3β phosphorylation were measured to determine the role of the Wnt pathway in Müller cells. The function of the retina in RCS rats was observed using flash electroretinogram.ResultsCo-incubation of ESCs with Müller cells or overexpression of BDNF contributed to Müller cell retrodifferentiation and proliferation, as evidenced by increased cell proliferation, fluorescence intensities of proliferation markers and retinal stem cell markers, and expression of BDNF and β-catenin, and suppressed GSK-3β phosphorylation. However, co-incubation with ESCs silencing BDNF or treatment with GW4869 inhibited the proliferation and retrodifferentiation of retinal Müller cells. In addition, exosome injection increased BDNF, BrdU, PH3, SOX2, and Pax6 expression, enhanced β-catenin expression in the nucleus, diminished GSK-3β, and improved retinal degeneration in RCS rats.ConclusionESC-Exos accelerated Müller cell retrodifferentiation and proliferation through Wnt pathway activation by delivering BDNF protein to Müller cells.     

局部注射5-氮胞苷修复猪心肌梗死后的心肌损伤

目的探讨5-氮胞苷局部注入猪急性心肌梗死（AMI）区后对心肌损伤的修复作用。方法幼猪20只,开胸结扎冠状动脉前降支建立猪AMI模型;3周后治疗组（10只）通过局部注射将1mg/ml的5-氮胞苷溶液1ml注入梗死区及其周边;对照组（10只）予以等量的培养液接种;术后3周及7周分别行单光子发射计算机断层扫描（PET）检查;7周后处死所有动物,获取心肌标本,HE、免疫组化及2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色观察损伤心肌的转归。结果PET示治疗组7周时可见前壁、心尖部放射性分布较3周时密集;对照组7周与3周比较无明显差异。TTC染色治疗组梗死区面积及所占百分比显著小于对照组,[（4.06±0.29）cm2vs（5.41±0.28）cm2;（16.34±0.89）vs（21.23±1.02）%,P〈0.001]。HE染色治疗组梗死区可见散在带横纹的肌肉组织,电镜下新生细胞之间未见闰盘连接;免疫组化染色这些细胞肌球蛋白重链β（β-MHC）、心脏肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）及连接蛋白43（Cx43）呈阳性。对照组梗死区为均匀一致的纤维疤痕组织。结论5-氮胞苷局部注入猪AMI区后可以诱导产生新的带横纹的肌细胞,修复心肌损伤。     

AIDS患者淋巴细胞亚群绝对数和蛋白浓度以及白/球比值相关性研究

目的探讨艾滋病患者淋巴细胞亚群计数与白蛋白、球蛋白、总蛋白浓度及白蛋白/球蛋白比值的相关性及其临床意义。方法对49名艾滋病患者进行淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数与白蛋白、球蛋白浓度及白蛋白/球蛋白浓度比值检测。进行相关性分析。结果 CD4+CD3+CD8+细胞计数与白蛋白浓度、总蛋白浓度呈正相关性(P<0.05),CD4+CD3+CD8+细胞计数与球蛋白浓度、白/球蛋白比值不具有相关性;CD4+CD3+CD8+细胞计数与总蛋白浓度具有正相关性(P<0.05),与白蛋白浓度、球蛋白浓度、白/球蛋白比值不具有相关性;CD4+CD3+CD8+细胞计数与总蛋白浓度呈正相关性,与白蛋白浓度、球蛋白浓度、白/球蛋白比值不具有相关性;CD4/CD8计数比值与白蛋白浓度、总蛋白浓度、白/球浓度比值呈正相关性,与球蛋白浓度不具有相关性。结论 CD4+细胞、CD8+细胞、CD3+细胞计数、CD4+/CD8+细胞计数比值与总蛋白浓度均具有正相关关系,但其中具体机制,还有待进一步阐明。     

Mirizzi综合征39例微创治疗的临床分析

目的:探讨Mirizzi综合征的微创治疗方法及其疗效。方法:回顾分析2003年7月至2008年6月我院应用微创方法治疗39例Mirizzi综合征患者的临床资料。结果:按Csendes分类法,39例患者中I型26例,Ⅱ型8例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型1例。26例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,8例行瘘口修补术,4例行胆囊壁翻转修补瘘口术,1例行Roux-en-Y肝总管空肠吻合术。中转开腹2例。术后5例发生并发症,均经非手术治疗痊愈。6例带"T"管出院。随访34例,随访时间1个月至5年,1例反复发生胆管炎,余情况良好。结论:在熟练掌握腹腔镜、十二指肠镜及胆道镜操作技术的前提下,微创治疗Mirizzi综合征是安全可行的,要针对不同的病例,采取个体化治疗方案。     

改良式经皮气管切开术在严重烧伤治疗中的应用

目的寻求快速、微创、经济、实用气管切开方法,提高危重烧伤患者的抢救效率。方法将成人（18～68岁）烧伤面积大于30%或三度烧伤面积大于10%合并严重吸入性损伤患者116例,分为传统气管切开组和改良式经皮气管切开组,两组各58例,分别按传统气管切开方法和改良式经皮气管切开方法进行气管切开。结果改良式经皮气管切开组较传统气管切开组在愈合时间、出血量、手术时间、半年切口瘢痕面积分别减少5.6d、42.1ml、14min、2.85cm^2,切口感染、皮下气肿、气管内肉芽肿的发生率分别下降6.9%、15.52%、8.62%。结论改良式经皮气管切开方法操作时间短、损伤小、切口愈合快、疤痕轻,是严重烧伤合并吸入性损伤气管切开较好的术式之一。